課文難句講解、分析
　　1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)
　　譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。
　　分析：該句是主系表結構。made from among alternative courses of action that are available是過去分詞短語做定語修飾a choice; 其中that are available是定語從句修飾courses of action.
　　像這樣一環修飾一環的句子結構在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學會分析。這是整個英語學習過程中很重要的能力！
　　2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)
　　譯：做出決策的原因是因為存在問題，目標或目的有錯誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實現。
　　分析：該句又是主系表結構。That引導三個并列的表語從句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短語：make a decision:做出決策；stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙

　　3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)
　　譯：通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出最佳預測，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發生，但因為不確定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風險。
　　分析：前半句是主謂賓結構。what the future will be是at的賓語；as little as possible做leave的賓語；since引導原因狀語從句，相當于because.
　　4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)
　　譯：如果沒有選擇，就不會有決策。
　　分析：這是一句很簡單的條件狀語從句，但它有一個很重要的考點：to be made。這是動詞不定式做定語修飾decision，有將來意味。比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.
　　5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)
　　譯：對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。
　　分析：這句話的考點是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過去分詞短語做定語修飾constraints。其中詞組：base…on以…為基礎。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.

　6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)
　　譯：但是這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。
　　分析：該句主語the tendency to simplify，謂語blinds; them是賓語。to simplify是定語，修飾the tendency；to other alternatives是賓補。其中短語：blind sb to sth:使…看不見…；
　　we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.
　　7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)
　　譯：因為個人（和組織）關于如何達到目的常有不同的觀點，哪種是最優的選擇可能要看是誰做出決策。
　　分析：這是一個由because引導的原因狀語從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語，who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語。
　　8. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)
　　譯：其中有一些目標比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門而異。
　　分析：請注意比較級more important than，詞組：vary from person to person譯成中文：因人而異，可以推出：因季節而異vary from season to season….

　9. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7 line 5--7)
　　譯：當面對同一件日常事情時，銷售經理傾向于看銷售問題，而生產經理則會看生產相關的問題，等等。
　　分析：前半部分為常考內容，它是when + 過去分詞短語，構成時間狀語部分。其中詞組：
　　be presented with = be faced with當面對…
　　When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..
　　10. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. (p9)
　　譯：人們經常假設一項決策是孤立的現象。
　　分析：句子結構簡單：主謂賓（從句）。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。
　　phenomenon: n 現象；復數變化較特殊：phenomena